Optimization of curing process for polymer-matrix composites based on orthogonal experimental method

In this paper, the orthogonal experimental method was carried out to optimize the curing process of aeronautical composite X850/T800 in autoclave process. Four important curing parameters including curing pressure, heating rate, curing temperature and heat preservation time were taken into account, and sixteen samples were fabricated to study the effects of the four parameters mentioned above on the curing quality by interlaminar properties test and microstructure analysis. The interlaminar properties and the interfacial bonding quality of these samples were studied by the short-beam three points bending test and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Results revealed that the optimal curing process of X850/T800 composite laminate should be as follows: curing pressure of 0.6 MPa, heating rate of 1.5 °C/min, curing temperature of 160 °C, and heat preservation time of 120 min.     

As contamination alters rhizosphere microbial community composition with soil type dependency during the rice growing season

Rhizosphere microbes play a cardinal role in transformation and crop uptake of arsenic (As), thereby relieving or intensifying the risk of As contamination in the food webs. How rhizosphere microbiomes respond to As contamination in different paddy soils and rice growth stages is still unclear. Here, we conducted a rice pot experiment to address the effects of rice developmental stage and As contamination on the rhizosphere microbial communities in two contrast paddy soils, a yellow clayey paddy soil (YP, pH 5.1, soil organic matter 20.8 g/kg) and red paddy soil (RP, pH 6.2, soil organic matter 46.1 g/kg). The rhizosphere microbial communities were investigated using phospholipid fatty acids analysis at tillering, panicle initiation, and maturity stages. The results showed that rice growing in YP soil accumulated 2-10 times higher contents of As in root than that in RP soil. There was a significant effect of rice growing stage, independent of soil types and As treatment, on rhizosphere microbial community composition in both YP and RP soils as depicted by canonical correspondence analysis. As contamination significantly altered rhizosphere microbial community composition only in YP soil, which showed the soil type dependency of the As contamination effect. In RP soil, the higher content of soil organic matter reduced the impact of As contamination. Soil pH explained more percentage of variation in microbial community composition than soil DOC and DON did. These influences of soil physiochemical properties on heavy metal available and rhizosphere microbial community may lay the foundation for exploration of bioremediation potential.     

Characterization of Genomic Integration and Transgene Organization in Six Transgenic Rapeseed Events

To characterize the DNA rearrangement of both the T-DNA region and the genomic insertion site during T-DNA insertion, the Genomewalker strategy was used to isolate the junctions between the inserted DNA and the plant genomic DNA in six rapeseed events as well as the genomic DNA at the sites before integration. During transformation in each of the six events, portions of both the right border（RB） and left border（LB） regions of the T-DNA were deleted, ranging from a 7 nucleotide deletion of the LB repeats in event RF1 to a 207 bp deletion of the LB region in event RF2. For the six events, T-DNA integration resulted in a deletion at the target site spanning less than 100 bp. Sequence analysis indicated that the T-DNA was integrated into the coding region of various native rapeseed genes in events RF1 and RF2. Duplications of the genomic DNA target site were observed in events RF2, RF3 and Topas 19/2. And multimerization of transgenes was found in event Topas 19/2, in which, the T-DNA was integrated as a head-to-head（RB-to-RB） concatemer into the recipient genome. In event MS1, chromosomal translocation or a large target-site deletion may have occurred during T-DNA integration, which was identified due to a failure to amplify the presumptive insertion site based on the flanking rapeseed DNA sequences. Our results provide comprehensive data concerning transgene organization and the genomic context of the T-DNA in six rapeseed events, which can aid in the developing of insert fingerprinting and the monitoring of long-term genetic stability and potential unintended effects of transgenic events.     

便携式XRF仪现场快速测定土壤中Pb的可行性研究

便携式XRF分析仪具有轻便、快速和可测对象较多与测量元素较广等特点而广泛应用于矿石、土壤等方面快速检测,但土壤的现场快速测定结果的准确性有待进一步研究与探讨。以安宁河谷平原土壤中Pb为研究对象,通过对便携式XRF仪现场快速检测结果与实验室分析结果的对比和影响因素的分析,建立基于安宁河谷平原表层土壤快速测定结果的线性函数为y=1.170 9x-17.326 0(R~2=0.992 9,x为现场检测结果),探讨其影响因素,为该区域表层土壤中Pb快速检测结果提供依据。     

近12年来我国棉花价格波动特征分析

以2005年1月至2017年2月我国棉花价格指数月度数据为研究对象，基于Census X₁₂季节调整法和HP滤波法，分析了棉花价格总体波动情况和波动规律。结果表明：我国棉花价格具有季节性和周期性波动特征，样本区间内可分为4个完整周期和1个不完整周期，且周期时长有增加的趋势；棉价变动与棉花供求结构变化一致，且近6年受棉花价格制度影响明显。基于此，提出稳定棉花生产、做好棉花时空调配工作、优化价格政策调控工作和完善应急托底预案4点建议。     

7种杀菌剂对环洞庭湖直播棉田苗期病害的防治效果

为筛选对环洞庭湖直播棉田苗期病害防治效果好的高效低毒农药，2016年开展了3%甲霜·恶霉灵水剂、40%多·福·溴菌腈可湿性粉剂、40%多·福可湿性粉剂、11%精甲·咯·嘧菌悬浮种衣剂、2.5%适乐时悬浮剂、70%甲基托布津可湿性粉剂和50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂防治直播棉田苗期病害的田间药效试验。结果表明：7种杀菌剂中以3%甲霜·恶霉灵水剂的防治效果最佳，用此杀菌剂拌种后冀棉11号死苗率为8.1%，湘K25死苗率仅为1.2%，防治效果分别达到了63.7%和92.5%，极显著优于对照，适宜推广应用。     

我国橡子资源的开发利用

橡子营养丰富，而且具有多种功能特性，广泛应用在食品和其它工业中。对橡子仁、橡子皮质和橡子壳的成分、功能和应用等研究情况进行了综述，并介绍了橡子资源在食品及其它工业领域的应用进展，以及提出了橡子资源开发与研究过程中遇到的问题和解决方案。     

基于叶绿体基因组探讨地黄属及其近缘类群的系统发育关系

利用叶绿体基因组序列对地黄属及其近缘类群的系统发育关系进行研究。基于GenBank公共数据库,下载地黄属及相关类群的叶绿体全基因组序列52条(50个物种),包括广义玄参科物种23种、近缘类群17种和外类群8种(木犀科和苦苣苔科),分别采用最大似然法及贝叶斯推断进行系统发育分析。结果表明,叶绿体全基因组数据能够显著提高系统发育分析的支持率;广义玄参科不是一个单系;除外类群外,我们共得到5个分支,分别为列当科、泡桐属、肉果草属、玄参属、车前科。地黄属形成一个单系,为列当科其它属的基部类群。列当科内物种间叶绿体基因组大小及所包含的基因数目均差异显著。本研究结果支持APG系统对相关科属的处理,包括将婆婆纳属、腹水草属、毛地黄属从广义玄参科移出至车前科;火焰草属、钟萼草属、马先蒿属、地黄属移出至列当科;泡桐属独立为泡桐科。     

不同磷水平下接种解磷菌剂对生菜促生效应及土壤磷素形态的影响

通过盆栽试验研究了在4种不同施磷水平下施用解磷菌剂对生菜(Lactucas sativa L. var. ramosa Hort.)促生效应及土壤磷素形态的影响。结果表明,在土壤缺磷情况下,施用解磷菌剂能提高生菜叶和根的鲜重和干重,提高叶片净光合速率和蒸腾速率,增加植株磷素吸收量,提高生菜的品质和产量,并能减少土壤中全磷含量的积累,促进土壤有效磷的释放和土壤库中有效磷的积累。在土壤磷素丰富的情况下,施用解磷菌剂对生菜的生长和土壤磷素营养促进作用较弱。土壤添加磷肥量为0.375 g/kg,解磷菌剂对生菜的促生效应和土壤磷素释放效果最佳。解磷菌剂的应用不仅能减少农田土壤磷素的流失,减轻农田土壤磷面源污染的风险,还能为蔬菜生产保质保量,达到收益最大化。     

石灰、硅酸钠和羟基磷灰石对烟草吸收镉的影响

为了探讨施用不同钝化剂对烟草吸收富集镉的效果,采用盆栽试验研究了石灰、硅酸钠和羟基磷灰石对Pb-Cd复合污染土壤上的烟草镉吸收富集的影响。结果表明,土壤pH值均随3种钝化剂用量的增大而升高,而土壤有效镉(DTPA-提取)含量则随之降低。土壤有效镉的最大降幅分别为:32 g/kg羟基磷灰石处理(52.4%)16 g/kg石灰处理(37.0%)12.5 g/kg硅酸钠处理(14.1%)。3种钝化剂都降低了烟株各部位镉的含量,其对烟叶镉含量的平均最大降幅分别为87%(16 g/kg石灰处理),74.7%(12.5 g/kg硅酸钠处理)和82.2%(32 g/kg羟基磷灰石处理)。石灰和羟基磷灰石对镉在根-茎之间的转移无显著影响,而硅酸钠则显著降低了镉在根-茎之间的转移。综上,镉污染的植烟土壤可以施用这些钝化剂以降低烟叶中镉的含量。